Brussels immunity of ships convention. International convention for the unification of certain rules concerning the immunity of state-owned ships. Brussels, 10 Apr 1926. Protocol supplementary 10 Apr 1926. 176 LNTS 199; 3 International legislation 1,838.

Brussels maritime liens and mortgages convention. International convention for the unification of certain rules relating to maritime liens and mortgages. Brussels, 10 Apr 1926. 120 LNTS 187; 3 International legislation 1,845; 27 AJIL supplement 28.

Budapest microorganisms treaty. Treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure. Budapest, 28 Apr 1977. Amended 26 Sep 1980. In force 19 Aug 1980. Reprinted in World patent law and practice. Full text, with Regulations adopted 28 Apr 1977, at http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/.‡ Last amended 1 Oct 2002.

Buenos Aires literary property convention. Convention concerning literary and artistic copyright. Buenos Aires, 11 Aug 1910. 211 Consolidated treaty series; OASTS 16; United States treaty series 593; 39 STat 1,785; 5 AJIL supplement 11 (revised in Havana in 1928, but that revision superseded by 1946 Washington convention±).

Caracas copyright agreement. Agreement on literary and artistic property. Caracas, 17 Jul 1911. In force 1915. Copyright laws and treaties of the world.

Caribbean agreement on social security. Agreement on the harmonization of social security legislation of the Member States of the Caribbean Community. Georgetown, Guyana, 1 Mar 1996. Text reprinted in 18 Foreign law tax bulletin no. 18 (2000).

CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY AGREEMENTS and TREATY

Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Caribbean Court of Justice. The Agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice. St. Michaels, Barbados, 14 Feb 2001. In force Jul 2002. Full text on the CARICOM website at http://www.caricom.org/. Although in force, the agreement awaits implementing legislation by each state, after which the Court will be the Final Court of Appeal for Caribbean Commonwealth States, replacing the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

Caribbean Community (CARICOM) double taxation agreement. Agreement among the governments of the Member States of the Caribbean Community for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income…. St. Michael, Barbados, 6 Jul 1994. 5 Caribbean law and business no. 2, pg. 82 (1994).

Caribbean Community (CARICOM) treaty. Community (CARICOM) treaty. The Revised treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community, including the CARICOM single market and economy. Nassau, 5 Jul 2001. Full text on the CARICOM website at http://www.caricom.org/ (click on Information Services). Chapters 1, 2 and 10 reprinted in 7 Caribbean law bulletin pg. 23, which also has the full text of the Protocol on the revision of the Treaty of Chaguaramas, 2002 (succession of the Caribbean Community and Common Market by the Caribbean Community, including the CARICOM single market and economy and Protocol on the Provisional application of the Treaty of Chaguaramas. The original treaty of Chaguaramas was in force 1 Aug 1973 and is amended or supplemented by Protocols I–IX which all continue in force until the Revised Treaty has been ratified. Text of the original treaty and protocols at http://www.caricom.org/ (click on Information Services). All three treaties and the protocols have been ratified by the members of the Caribbean Community.

Cartagena protocol on biosafety. Montreal, 29 Jan 2000. In force 11 Sep 2003. This is a protocol to the Biological diversity convention, but it stands on its own as a multilateral convention. Full text on the Biological diversity convention’s website at www.biodiv.org/biosafety/protocol.asp. English text in 39 International legal materials 1,027 (2000).

Caspian Sea convention. Framework convention for the protection of the marine environment of the Caspian Sea. Tehran, 4 Nov 2003. In force 12 Aug 2006. English text in 44 International legal materials 1 (2005). Framework text at http://www.caspianenvironment.org/newsite/Convention-FrameworkConventionText.htm.

Central American Common Market. See Tratado general de integración económico centroamericano.

Central American Free Trade Association. The Central American Free Trade Association exists as the creation of the General Treaty on Central American Integration, Managua, 13 Dec 1960. Entirely reformed by the Protocol of Guatemala City, 29 Oct 1993 signed  and ratified by Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and  Nicaragua and by the amendment signed at Managua 27 Feb 2002. The amendment acceded to by Belize and Panama, 12 Mar 2002. The Association functions within the Sistema de Integracion Centroamericana (SICA) created by the Protocol of Tegucigalpa, 13 Dec 1991. The Association has so far negotiated separate free trade agreements as a bloc with Chile, The Dominican Republic and Panama. There is a pending treaty awaiting ratification with the United States. All texts in Spanish at http://www.sica.int/.

Central American industrial property convention. Convenio Centroamericana para la protección de la propiedad industrial (marcas, nombres comerciales y expresiones señales de propaganda). San Jose, 1 Jun 1968. Industrial property laws and treaties of the world.

Central European free trade agreement. Cracow, 21 Dec 1992. English text in Central and Eastern European legal materials (with Annex V and Protocols 1, 2 and 3, including the Budapest amendments of 29 Apr 1994).

Chicago convention. [International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations]. Convention on international civil aviation. Chicago, 7 Dec 1944. In force 14 Apr 1947. 171 United Nations Treaty Series 387; 59 STat 1,701; Air laws and treaties of the world; Regulation of international commercial aviation. Full text of the convention and all its protocols on the McGill website at http://www.iasl.mcgill.ca/airlaw, which will also refer the user to the ICAO website, which latter has up to date status tables, but not always full texts. The Chicago convention created the ICAO and has been amended by 15 protocols as of 2001. The ICAO periodically issues quadrilingual texts of this convention, the most recent being the 9th edition as of 2006.

CIMA treaty of Yaoundé. Traité instituant une Organisation integrée de l’industrie des assurances dans les états africains. Annexe I: Code des assurances des états membres de la CIMA. 10 Jul 1992. In force 15 Feb 1995. A model code covering contracts of insurance, as well as structure, governance and supervision of insurance companies. French text reprinted in Code des assurances des pays africains de la CIMA. Dukar, Ed. TCB, 1994.

CIS. See Commonwealth of Independent States agreement.

CMEA agreement on applications for inventions. Council of Mutual Economic Assistance agreement on the unification of requirements for the execution and filing of applications for inventions. Leipzig, 5 Jul 1975. Industrial property laws and treaties of the world. Note: Treaty spent, no longer in effect and no longer adhered to.

CMEA agreement on inventor’s certificates. Council of Mutual Economic Assistance agreement on the mutual recognition of inventors’ certificates and other titles of protection for inventions and rules. Havana, 18 Dec 1976. Industrial property laws and treaties of the world. Note: Treaty spent, no longer in effect and no longer adhered to.

CMEA arbitration convention. Convention on settlement by arbitration of civil law disputes resulting from economic, scientific and technical cooperation. Moscow, 26 May 1972. 13 International legal materials 5 (1974); International commercial arbitration; International handbook on commercial arbitration. Note: The current status of COMECON treaties remains unclear. Due to the nature of the instruments, all countries concerned (that were formally bound by the treaties) must terminate by depositing a notice of termination with the Secretariat (a part of the now-defunct government of the U.S.S.R.). Even this requirement would not apply to states which never were formally bound, e.g., the Baltic states. It is likely this situation will have to be corrected by legislation. Note: Treaty spent, no longer in effect and no longer adhered to.

CMEA conditions. General conditions of delivery of goods. 1968/1975, revised 1979. Translation of 1979 “wording” in East-West trade: COMECON law, American-Soviet trade. Edited by T.W. Hoya, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., Oceana, 1984. Translation of 1979 “wording” in World arbitration reporter. Translation of 1968/1975 text in A sourcebook on socialist international organizations. Edited by W.E. Butler, Aalphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1978. Note: Treaty spent, no longer in effect and no longer adhered to.

Code of liberalisation of capital movements. (OECD) 12 Dec 1961. Last amended 23 Oct 1990.

Código Bustamente. Convention on private international law, with annexed Code of private international law. Adopted at the 16th International Conference of American States, La Habana, 16 Jan–20 Feb 1928. In force 25 Oct 1928. 86 League of Nations treaty series 111; Pan-American Union law and treaty series no. 34; Digest of commercial laws of the world. The Código Bustamente is essentially the product of the Cuban international law scholar, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente y Sirven who presented his “Código de derecho internacional privado” at the first Congreso Sud-americano de Derecho Internacional Privado held in Montevideo in 1888 and 1889. For many years it languished as a “draft code” until finally adopted for the American states in 1928. In actual practice it seems to lie somewhere between an international convention and a model code or uniform act. Many of the states that have adopted and ratified it as the guiding source regulating their private international law (on a reciprocal basis) have enacted it as a piece of municipal legislation with various modifications and qualifications rather than a treaty.

Commonwealth of Independent States agreement. Commonwealth of Independent States agreement establishing CIS. Minsk, 8 Dec 991. Translated in 31 International legal materials 138 (1992). Declaration and protocol of Alma Ata, 21 Dec 1991. Translated in 31 International legal materials 147 (1992). Charter of the CIS. Minsk, 22 Jan 1992. Translated in 34 International legal materials 1,279 (1995). Treaty on creation of economic union. Moscow. 24 Sep 1993. Translated in 34 International legal materials 1,298 (1995).

Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas (CAMCA). Mediation and arbitration rules. In force 15 Mar 1996. Reprinted in 22 Yearbook: commercial arbitration 320 (1997) and 8 World trade and arbitration materials no. 4 (1996).

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa treaty (COMESA). Treaty of Kampala, 5 Nov 1993. In force 4 Dec 1994. 33 International legal materials 1,067 (1994). This treaty replaced the “Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern Africa,” 1982–1994. Text of the treaty on the Common Market’s website at http://www.comesa.int.

Community patent convention. Convention for the European patent for the Common Market. Luxembourg, 15 Dec 1975. 1976 Official journal L17; 15 International legal materials 5 (1976). Amended by Agreement relating to community patents, Luxembourg, 15 Dec 1989. 89/695 EEC, 1989 Official Journal (EU) L401/1.

Constitutive act of the African Union. See African Union.

Convenio Centroamericano para la protección de la propiedad industrial (marcas, nombres comerciales y expresiones o señales de propaganda). See Central American industrial property convention.

Convention for the protection of the Rhine against chemical pollution. Bonn, 3 Dec 1976. Reprinted in International environment reporter.

Convention on cluster munitions. Convention prohibiting use of land mines and to govern the explosive remnants of war. Dublin, 30 May 2008. In force 1 Aug 2010 with the ratification of the 30th state (Burkina Faso on 16 Feb 2010). Text at http://www.clusterconvention.org. 

Convention on international trade in endangered species. Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES). Opened for signature at a meeting of representatives of 80 countries in Washington D.C., 3 Mar 1973. Entered into force 1 Jul 1975. Amended at Bonn, 22 June 1979. Text in English and French on the CITES website at http://www.zda.org.zm/.

Convention on state responsibility for examination of applications for asylum. Dublin, 15 Jun 1990. In force 1 Sep 1997.

Convention on the continental shelf. Geneva, 29 Apr 1958. Reprinted in 499 United Nations Treaty Series 311; 15 United States treaty series 471; 52 American journal of international law 858.

Convention on the international recognition of rights in aircraft. Geneva, 19 Jun 1948. 310 United Nations Treaty Series 151; 4 United States treaty series 1,830; Air laws and treaties of the world.

Convention to prevent and punish acts of terrorism. Convention to prevent and punish acts of terrorism taking the forms of crimes against persons and related extortion that are of international significance. Washington, D.C., 2 Feb 1971. Reprinted in 1,438 United Nations Treaty Series 191; 10 International legal materials 255.

Copyright double taxation convention. Multilateral convention for the avoidance of double taxation of copyright royalties (and protocol). Madrid, 13 Dec 1979 (not yet in force). 16 Copyright, monthly review 29 (1980). See also Guide de la convention de Madrid sur la double imposition: droit d’auteur et “droits voisins.” Genéve, WIPO, 1985.

Cotonou agreement. ACP-EC partnership agreement. Cotonou, Benin, 23 Jun 2000. English text in The courier special issue Sep 2000. English text also online at the EUR-Lex website at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm. The first revision of the Cotonou Agreement entered into force 1 Jul 2008. The second revision was concluded 19 Mar 2010 and should enter into force by 2013; the basic Agreement is scheduled to remain in effect until 29 Feb 2020.

    The Cotonou agreement has moved slowly through the ratification process, which has, to all intents and purposes, was completed with Belgium’s ratification of 17 Jan 2003 and the European Union’s ratification of 22 Feb 2003, and the adherence of the new E.U. states on 1 May 2004 and 1 Jan 2007, and the ratification by all, or nearly all, ACP states. The Cotonou agreement entered into force 1 Apr 2003. On 23 Jun 2006 a revised text of the Cotonou partnership agreement (CPAII) was signed at Luxembourg by the Member States of the Enlarged European Union and the ACP states. As of 2007 it has received ratification by all the Member States of the European Union and has received the required ratifications (67% of approximately 79 former colonial states, although a few states have not ratified it) and is in force. This supersedes the first Cotonou agreement of 2000 and, in general, will be more compatible with the free trade principles of the WTO± and TRIPS.±

    The existence and effect of these series of economic and trade agreements between the European Union and its Member States and the 77 ACP states has now been challenged by the WTO, which has declared that the Cotonou agreement, or the trade supports and the effects of the agreement are contrary to WTO rules. The European Union finds that these various preferential programs giving access to the European markets for agricultural products and some raw materials from the former colonies of Britain, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and Italy was supposed to be renegotiated to meet the WTO’s deadline of 1 Jan 2008. Representative regional groups and organizations from the ACP countries (African, Asian-Pacific and Caribbean-Pacific) have commenced direct negotiations with the European Union to develop new Economic Partnership Agreements on a reciprocal basis that would not violate WTO rules. This date had already existed as a goal for massive renegotiations, but the WTO position has given new impetus and urgency to phasing out the Cotonou agreement and replacing its mandates with something more acceptable to the free trade position of the WTO.

    The European Economic and Social Committee has been in charge of renegotiations since 2 Oct 2003 when the Joint declaration of the ACP-EC ministerial level meeting on Negotiations of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) was issued. The EU has used different regional organizations as the vehicle for obtaining agreement to the new EPA’s. This concluded the first round of negotiations that commenced in September 2002. Various other meetings have been held: Southern African Development Community-European Community Joint road map for the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations, 8 Jul 2004; Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations with ESA, Conclusion. Joint Ministerial meeting 9 Feb 2006; EESC Barbados regional seminar. Final declaration, 14-16 May 2007. All these can be found in a search of the EU database at http://ec.europa.eu/development/Geographical/CotonouIntro_en.cfm.

Council of Europe convention on corruption. Council of Europe criminal law convention on corruption. Strasbourg, 27 Jan 1999. In force 1 Jul 2002. European treaty series no. 173.

Council of Europe convention on proceeds of crime. Council of Europe convention on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds of crime. Strasbourg, 8 Nov 1990. In force 1 Sep 1993. European treaty series no. 141. Text at http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/treaties/html/141.htm.

East African Community treaty. Treaty for the establishment of the East African Community. Arusha, Tanzania, 30 Nov 1989. Replaces the Treaty for the East African Cooperation which established the East African Community (created in 1967 and dissolved in 1977). 7 African yearbook of international law 420 (1999).

East African Community Common Market. Protocol of 2009. Arusha, Tanzania, 20 Nov 2009. Ratified and entered into force 1 Jul 2010 (establishment and commencement of a common market, free trade on labor, goods and services for states in the EAC region). This will facilitate free movement of goods, labor and services among the Member States and also free movement of capital.

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) treaty. Revised treaty, Cotonou, Benin, 24 Jul 1993 (replacing the treaty of 28 May 1975). English text reprinted in 35 International legal materials 660 (1996); 8 African journal of international and comparative law 189 (1996), which also reprints Protocol A/P.1/7/91 on the Community Court of Justice. (Note: The Community issued a looseleaf, Recueil des principaux textes de la C.E.A.O. et de ses institutions specialisées. Ouagadougou, Sécretariat Général, 1988– . 2 vols. This contained all community regulations, resolutions and recommendations up to May 1988, under the 1975 treaty when only French-speaking states were signatories. No more published. The Community also issues semi-annually its Official journal of the Economic Community of West African States [English edition] v.1 (1979)– , Lagos (?) 1979– (periodicity varies: 1979–1983, annual).

Eurasian patent convention. Moscow, 9 Sep 1994. Translated in official multilingual text in World patent law and practice and Industrial property laws and treaties of the world.

Euro-Arab arbitration system. Rules of conciliation, arbitration and expertise of 17 Dec 1997 (replacing 1981 rules). Translated in 4 Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern law 497 (1997/98). Rules adopted by Arab chambers of commerce in European countries, to be applied in disputes involving Arab parties.

EUROPEAN CONVENTIONS (General/Miscellaneous)

Convention on access to information. Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters. Aarhus, Denmark, 25 Jun 1998. In force 30 Oct 2001. 2,161 United Nations Treaty Series 447. Text at http://www.unece.org/env/pp/.

EEC contractual obligations convention. European Communities convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations. 19 Jun 1980. 19 International legal materials 1,492 (1980).

European arbitration convention. European convention on international commercial arbitration. Geneva, 21 Apr 1961. 484 United Nations Treaty Series 349 (1963/64); International arbitration treaties. Reprinted in World arbitration reporter.

European atomic energy (EURATOM) treaty. Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). Rome, 25 March 1957. The best current online source for a consolidated text of the treaty and its protocols is the EUR-Lex website at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm.

European Community treaty. Treaty establishing the European Community. Rome, 25 March 1957 (also known as the Rome Treaty). 298 United Nations treaty series 11. Consolidated version in Official Journal C115/47 of 9 May 2008. This basic European Community treaty amended by: the Single European Act. Luxembourg, 17 Feb 1986 (and The Hague, 28 February 1986); the Treaty on European Union. Maastricht, 7 Feb 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam, 2 Oct 1997 (also known as the Treaty of Equivalences); the Treaty of Nice. 26 Feb 2001. A consolidated official version (not including the changes and amendments made by the Treaty of Nice) published in Official Journal 1997 C340/173.

European Economic Area agreement. Agreement on the European Economic Area, Final act and declarations. Oporto, 2 May 1992 and protocol adjusting the agreement, Brussels, 17 Mar 1993. Reprinted and analyzed in The agreement on the European Economic Area: a guide….

European marine pollution convention. Convention on the prevention of marine pollution from land-based sources. Paris, 4 Jun 1974. 13 International legal materials 352 (1974).

European patent convention. Convention on the grant of European patents. Munich, 5 Oct 1973. 13 International legal materials 268 (1974) and, as amended 21 Dec 1978, Industrial property laws and treaties of the world and implementing regulations of 5 Oct 1973, as last amended 13 Dec 1994. Reprinted, as amended 10 Dec 1999, in Industrial property laws and treaties of the world and International treaties on intellectual property 2.ed. See also Community patent convention. Reprinted, as revised 17 Dec 1991, in World patent law and practice, along with implementing regulations of 5 Oct 1973, as last amended 29 Sep 1992. Reprinted, annotated and extensively analyzed in The European patent convention: a commentary. Agreement of 17 Oct 2000 (application of article 65 to the European patent convention). The European patent convention, embodying the text of the London agreement of 17 Oct 2000, is now known as EPC 2000 (Revised European patent convention). In force, with the ratification by the French Republic of 17 Oct 2007, on 13 Dec 2007. Signatory statutes waive their right to require a full translation of any European patent specification into their official language, and instead, agree to accept English, French or German as their language of choice.

European Union convention on extradition. Brussels, 27 Sep 1996. Reprinted in Official Journal 1996 C313/11 (not yet in force).

European Union convention on mutual assistance in criminal matters. Strasbourg, 27 May 2000 in Official Journal 2000 C197/1 (not in force).

European Union convention on service matters. Convention on the service in the Member States of the European Union of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters. Brussels, 26 May 1997. Reprinted in Official Journal 1997 C26/1. Adopted as Council regulation 1,348/2000 of 19 May 2000 in Official Journal 2000 L160/37.

EUROPEAN CONVENTIONS—Council of Europe

The Council of Europe has directed the negotiation and ratification of nearly 200 multilateral instruments generally, but not consistently, titled “European...convention.” These were concluded and published between 1949 and 2003 as European treaty series nos. 0–193. Although the numbering has continued in sequence, commencing in 2004 the nomenclature has changed to “Council of Europe convention....” We retain the original designation for nos. 1–193, and now follow the new nomenclature for nos. 194 and following, even though the Council has now re-titled or re-abbreviated the entire series as CETS, rather than ETS. When a convention, of whatever date, had neither “European” nor “Council of Europe” as a prefatory identification, we have arbitrarily inserted “Council of Europe.” Full texts of all conventions in English, French, German, Italian and Russian, along with current status, reservations, etc., can be accessed on the Council’s website at http://conventions.coe.int/. The site also provides explanatory reports in English or French. Please note that some treaties have been opened to and have been ratified by non-Member States of the Council, and some others, even by non-European states.

European convention on administrative documents. European convention on the service abroad of documents relating to administrative matters. Strasbourg, 24 Nov 1977. In force 1 Nov 1982. European treaty series 94; 17 International legal materials 265 (1978).

European convention on administrative evidence. European convention on the obtaining abroad of information and evidence in administrative matters. Strasbourg, 15 Mar 1978. In force 1 Jan 1983. European treaty series 100; 17 International legal materials 805 (1978).

European convention on adoption. European convention on the adoption of children. Strasbourg, 24 Apr 1967. In force 26 Apr 1968. European treaty series 58. By 2002 this convention was viewed as being in urgent need of revision. On 7 May 2008 a new draft convention, embodying a number of important modifications was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Council of Europe and it was opened for signature in Nov 2008. The new convention is likely to be in place by 2010.

European convention on anti-doping. Anti-doping convention. Strasbourg, 16 Nov 1989. In force 1 Mar 1990. Additional protocol. Warsaw, 12 Sep 2002. In force 1 Apr 2004. European treaty series 135 and 188.

European convention on the protection of the archeological heritage. European convention on the protection of the archeological heritage. London, 6 May 1969. Revision in force 25 May 1995. European treaty series 143; 8 International legal materials 736 (1969). Revised, Valletta, Malta, 16 Jan 1992. European treaty series 143.

European convention on architectural heritage. Convention for the protection of the architectural heritage of Europe. Granada, 3 Oct 1985. In force 1 Dec 1987. European treaty series 121; 25 International legal materials 380 (1986).

European convention on bankruptcy. European convention on certain international aspects of bankruptcy. Istanbul, 5 Jun 1990 (not yet in force). European treaty series 136. Reprinted in 1991 Commercial laws of Europe.

European convention on child contact. Convention on contact concerning children. Strasbourg, 15 May 2003. In force 1 Sep 2005. European treaty series 192.

European convention on corruption (civil law). Civil law convention on corruption. Strasbourg, 4 Nov 1999. In force 1 Nov 2003. European treaty series 174.

European convention on corruption (criminal law). Criminal law convention on corruption. Strasbourg, 27 Jan 1999. In force 1 Jul 2002. European treaty series 173.

European convention on cultural property. European convention on offences relating to cultural property. Strasbourg, 23 Jun 1985 (not yet in force). European treaty series 119.

European convention on custody of children. European convention on recognition and enforcement of decisions concerning custody of children and on restoration of custody of children. Luxembourg, 20 May 1980. In force 1 Sep 1983. European treaty series 105; 19 International legal materials 273 (1980).

European convention on cybercrime. Convention on cybercrime. Budapest, 23 Nov 2001. In force 1 Jul 2004. European treaty series 185.

European convention on the European pharmacopoeia. Convention on the elaboration of a European pharmacopoeia. Strasbourg, 22 July 1964. In force 8 May 1974. European treaty series 50.

European convention on extradition. European convention on extradition. Paris, 13 Dec 1957. In force 18 May 1960. European treaty series 24.

European convention on foreign law. European convention on information on foreign law. London, 7 Jun 1968. In force 17 Dec 1969. Additional protocol. Strasbourg, 15 Mar 1978. In force 31 Aug 1979. European treaty series 62 and 97.

European convention on human rights. Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Rome, 4 Nov 1950. In force 3 Sep 1953. 1950 text, as current and with Protocol 14 (in force 1 Jun 2010) at http://conventions.coe.int/. European treaty series 5. Protocols 1–11, 1952–1998 (some protocols have been repealed or are spent). Protocol 12 of 4 Nov 2000; Protocol 13 of 3 May 2002 (abolition of the death penalty) (in force 1 Jul 2003) and Protocol 14 of 13 May 2004 are not yet in force. Most protocols have their own European treaty series number, e.g., Protocol 12 is ETS 177. In the 1960’s the United Kingdom extended the application of the convention to various of its territories and Crown Colonies. Some of these, after achieving independence, have made their own ratifications as of a later date, or since no longer connected with a Member State of the Council of Europe, the effect of the extension remains unclear. European declaration of Brighton. Brighton, 20 Apr 2012. In force immediately. Text at http://www.coe.int/en/20120419-brighton-declaration. States Parties agree to important changes in access to and practice of the European Court of Human Rights under the European convention for the protection of human rights.± All States Parties are to take effective measures at the national level to implement the goals of the Brighton declaration an to continue support and furtherance of the tenets of the convention.

European convention on migrant workers status. European convention on the legal status of migrant workers. Strasbourg, 24 Nov 1977. In force 1 May 1983. European treaty series 93.

European convention on money laundering. Convention on laundering, search, seizure, and confiscation of the proceeds from crime and on the financing of terrorism. Warsaw, 16 May 2005. In force 1 May 2008. European treaty series 198. Full text at http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Word/198.doc.

European convention on mutual assistance in criminal matters. Strasbourg, 20 Apr 1959. In force 12 Apr 1982. European treaty series 30. Additional protocol, Strasbourg, 17 Mar 1978. In force 12 Apr 1982. European treaty series 99. Second additional protocol, Strasbourg, 8 Nov 2001. In force 1 Feb 2004. European treaty series 182. These are three independent treaties. At present nearly all ratificants to the original treaty have also ratified the [First] Additional protocol, it is safe to assume that the Second additional protocol will eventually be ratified by all signatories.

European convention on nationality. European convention on nationality. Strasbourg, 6 Nov 1999. In force 1 Mar 2003. European treaty series 166.

European convention on patent application formalities, etc. European convention relating to the formalities required for patent applications and European convention on the international classification of patents for inventions. Paris, 11 Dec 1953. In force 1 Jun 1955. European convention on the international classification of patents for invention (and annex as amended) 1954–1961. European treaty series 16–17.

European convention on patent law unification. Convention on the unification of certain points of substantive law on patents for invention. Strasbourg, 27 Nov 1963. In force 1 Aug 1980. European treaty series 47.

European convention on the prevention of terrorism. Council of Europe convention on the prevention of terrorism. Warsaw, 16 May 2005 (not in force). European treaty series 196.

European convention on the proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism. Council of Europe convention on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds from crime and on the financing of terrorism. Warsaw, 16 May 2005. European treaty series 198.

European convention on proceeds of crime. Convention on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds from crime. Strasbourg, 8 Nov 1990. In force 1 Sep 1993. European treaty series 141.

European convention on the protection of the archeological heritage. Revised, Valletta, Malta, 16 Jan 1992. Replacing London convention of 6 May 1969. Reprinted in 6 Art, antiquity and law 293 (2001).

European convention on restoration of custody of children. Convention on recognition and enforcement of decisions concerning custody of children and on restoration of custody of children. Luxembourg, 20 May 1980. In force 1 Sep 1983. European treaty series 105.

European convention on the social charter. European social charter (revised). Strasbourg, 3 May 1996. In force 1 Jul 1999. European treaty series 163. Revises and adds to the 1961 European social charter and its 1988 protocol and exists independently of the earlier treaty.

European convention on the social security. European convention on social security. Paris, 14 Dec 1972. In force 1 Mar 1977. European treaty series 78, and Supplementary agreement for the application of the European convention of social security. Paris, 14 Dec 1972. In force 1 Mar 1977. European treaty series 78A. These two conventions are interdependent and effective ratification of both by a Member State is necessary. For ratifying Member States the two Interim agreements on social security and their respective protocols which were in force, 1953–1977 (European treaty series 12, 12A and 13, 13A) are no longer applicable. Protocol to the European convention on social security. Strasbourg, 11 Mar 1994. European treaty series 154. This protocol is not in force and is unlikely to come into force.

European convention on the social security code. European code of social security. Strasbourg, 16 Apr 1964. In force 17 Mar 1968. European treaty series 48. Protocol. Strasbourg, 16 Apr 1964. In force 17 Mar 1968. European treaty series 48A. These two conventions are related, but separable. States that have ratified the code have not necessarily ratified the protocol, but any state ratifying the protocol must have ratified the code.

European treaty on stability, coordination and governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. European treaty on stability, coordination and governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG). Brussels, 2 Mar 2012. The treaty will enter into force for all ratifiers, on the first day of the month following its ratification by the twelfth eurozone member; or provided that the twelfth eurozone member only complete its ratification after 1 Jan 2013—it will on that time retrospectively enter into force by 1 Jan 2013. Text at http://european-council.europa.eu/eurozone-governance/treaty-on-stability.

European convention on state immunity. European convention on state immunity. Basel, 16 May 1972. In force 11 Jun 1976. Additional protocol. Basel, 16 May 1972. In force 22 May 1985. European treaty series 74 and 74A.

European convention on statelessness. Convention on the avoidance of statelessness in relation to state succession. Strasbourg, 19 May 2006 (not in force). European treaty series 200.

European [and OECD] convention on tax matters. Strasbourg, 25 Jan 1988. In force 1 May 1995. European treaty series 127.

European convention on terrorism. European convention on the suppression of terrorism. Strasbourg, 27 Jan 1977. In force 4 Aug 1978. European treaty series 90.

European convention on uniform arbitration law. European convention providing a uniform law on arbitration. Strasbourg, 20 Jan 1966 (not yet in force). European treaty series 56; International arbitration treaties. Reprinted in World arbitration reporter.

GATT. See World Trade Organization treaty.

GENEVA CONVENTIONS

Geneva bills of exchange convention. Convention providing a uniform law for bills of exchange and promissory notes. Geneva, 7 Jun 1930. 143 LNTS 257; 5 International legislation 516.

Geneva conflicts of laws on cheques convention. Convention for the settlement of certain conflicts of laws in connection with cheques. Geneva, 19 Mar 1931. 143 LNTS 407; 5 International legislation 915.

Geneva convention on refugees. Convention relating to the status of refugees. Geneva, 28 July 1951. In force 22 April 1954. United Nations treaty series 189 pg. 137. English text on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees at http://www.unhcr.org/ (click on Site Map, Full List of Human Rights Instruments and scroll down to Nationality, statelessness, asylum and refugees).

Geneva convention on the execution of foreign arbitral awards. International convention on the execution of foreign arbitral awards. Geneva, 26 Sep 1927. 92 LNTS 301; World arbitration reporter.

Geneva protocol on arbitration clauses. Protocol on arbitration clauses. Geneva, 24 Sep 1923. 27 LNTS 258. Reprinted in World arbitration reporter.

Geneva stamp laws for bills of exchange convention. Convention on the stamp laws in connection with bills of exchange and promissory. Geneva, 7 Jun 1930. 143 LNTS 337; 5 International legislation 560.

Geneva stamp laws for cheques convention. Convention on the stamp laws in connection with cheques. Geneva, 19 Mar 1931. 143 LNTS 7; 5 International legislation 925.

Geneva uniform law on cheques convention. Convention providing a uniform law for cheques. Geneva, 19 Mar 1931. 143 LNTS 355; 5 International legislation 889.

GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL

GCC Charter and arbitral rules of procedure and rules regulating costs. Dec 1993. English translation on the website of the Secretariat of the GCC at http://www.gcc-sg.org/eng/ (click on Digital Library, Subject and then on the desired subject). Translated in 20 Middle East executive reports nos. 9–10 (1997). GCC Charter, 1993. Translated in 20 Middle East executive reports no. 5 (1997) and 12 Arab law quarterly 26 (1994).

GCC Common law of anti-dumping, countervailing measures and safeguards. 21 Dec 2003. Rules of implementation of 11 Oct 2004. English translation on the website of the Secretariat of the GCC at http://www.gcc-sg.org/eng/ (click on Digital Library, Subject and then on the desired subject).

GCC Unified guiding regulation for the control of substances that deplete the ozone layer in the GCC countries. 2007. English translation on the website of the Secretariat of the GCC at http://www.gcc-sg.org/eng/ (click on Digital Library, Subject and then on the desired subject).

GCC Patent regulation of the Arab States of the Gulf and its implementing bylaws. 27 Nov 1999 and 8 Apr 2000. English translation on the website of the Secretariat of the GCC at http://www.gcc-sg.org/eng/ (click on Digital Library, Subject and then on the desired subject).

GCC Plant quarantine law for the Arab States of the Gulf. 2003. English translation on the website of the Secretariat of the GCC at http://www.gcc-sg.org/eng/ (click on Digital Library, Subject and then on the desired subject).

Hague. Permanent Court of Arbitration. Optional rules for arbitrating disputes between two parties of which only one is a state. 6 Jul 1993. Reprinted in Arbitration rules issued by international institutions.

Hague access to justice convention. Convention on international access to justice. The Hague, 25 Oct 1980. 19 International legal materials 1,505 (1980); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 29).

Hague adoption convention. Convention on protection of children and cooperation in respect of intercountry adoption. The Hague, 29 May 1993. In force 1 May 1995. 32 International legal materials 1,134 (1993) (no ratifications). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 33).

Hague agency convention. Convention on the law applicable to agency. The Hague, 14 Mar 1978. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Draft text (identical to final adopted text). 16 International legal materials 775 (1977). Official text (English and French), with exhaustive analysis and commentary, in Agency in private international law: The Hague convention on the law applicable to agency. H.L.E. Verhagen, The Hague, Nijhoff, 1995. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 27).

Hague child abduction convention. Convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction. The Hague, 25 Oct 1980. 19 International legal materials 1,501; Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Procedures under the convention for each ratifying state (as well as some others) in connection with child abduction and regaining custody, together with addresses of appropriate governmental and non-governmental authorities, presented in International parental child abduction. A.M. Hutchinson and H. Setright, Bristol, Family Law, 1998. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 28). Detailed analysis in The Hague child abduction convention: A critical analysis. R. Schultz, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2012.

Hague child maintenance obligations convention. Convention on the law applicable to maintenance obligations towards children. The Hague, 24 Oct 1956. 510 United Nations Treaty Series 161; Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 8).

Hague child maintenance obligations recognition and enforcement convention. Convention concerning the recognition and enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance towards children. The Hague, 15 Apr 1958. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 9).

Hague child protection convention. Convention on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition, enforcement and cooperation in respect of parental responsibility and measures for the protection of children. The Hague, 19 Oct 1996. In force 1 Jan 2002. Full text on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 34).

Hague child support convention. Convention on the international recovery of child support and other forms of family maintenance. The Hague, 23 Nov 2007 and protocol. Not in force. Full text, ratifications, etc., at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 38).

Hague choice of court agreement convention. Convention on choice of court agreements. The Hague, 30 Jun 2005 (not in force). 44 International legal materials 1,294 (2005); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 37).

Hague civil procedure convention. Convention relative a la procédure civile. The Hague, 1 Mar 1954. 286 United Nations Treaty Series 265; Recueil des conventions de la Haye; Digest of commercial laws of the world. French text on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 2).

Hague divorce convention. Convention on the recognition of divorces and legal separations. The Hague, 1 Jun 1970. 8 International legal materials 31 (1969) (draft text only); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 18).

Hague estate succession convention. Convention on the law applicable to succession to the estates of deceased persons. The Hague, 20 Oct 1988 (not in force). 28 International legal materials 146 (1989). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 32).

Hague estates of deceased persons convention. Convention concerning the international administration of the estates of deceased persons. The Hague, 2 Oct 1973. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 21).

Hague evidence convention. Convention on the taking of evidence abroad in civil or commercial matters. The Hague, 17 Mar 1970. 847 United Nations Treaty Series 231; 23 United States treaty series 2,555; 8 International legal materials 37 (1969); Digest of commercial laws of the world. See also Practical handbook on the operation of the Hague Convention of 18 March 1970 on the taking of evidence abroad in civil or commercial matters. Antwerp, M. Kluwer, 1984– (looseleaf). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 20).

Hague judgments convention. Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters (and protocol). The Hague, 1 Feb 1971. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 16).

Hague legalisation convention. Convention abolishing the requirement of legalisation for foreign public documents. The Hague, 5 Oct 1961. 527 United Nations Treaty Series 189; TIAS 10,072; 20 International legal materials 1,409 (1981); Digest of commercial laws of the world. See also A practical guide to document authentication: legalization of notarized and certified documents. J.P. Sinnott, New York, Oceana, 1984– (looseleaf). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 12).

Hague maintenance convention. Convention on the law applicable to maintenance obligations. The Hague, 2 Oct 1973. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 24).

Hague maintenance obligations convention. Convention on the recognition and enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance obligations. The Hague, 2 Oct 1973. 11 International legal materials 1,286 (1972); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 23).

Hague matrimonial property regimes convention. Convention on the law applicable to matrimonial property regimes. The Hague, 14 Mar 1978. 16 International legal materials 14 (1977) (draft text); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 25).

Hague parental responsibility convention. Convention on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition, enforcement and co-operation in respect of parental responsibility and measures for the protection of children. The Hague, 19 Oct 1996. In force 1 Jan 2002. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 34).

Hague products liability convention. Convention on the law applicable to products liability. The Hague, 2 Oct 1973. 11 International legal materials 1,283 (1972); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 22).

Hague protection of children and intercountry adoption convention. Convention on protection of children and cooperation in respect of intercountry adoption. The Hague, 29 May 1993. In force 1 May 1995. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listin (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 33).

Hague protection of minors convention. Convention concerning the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection of minors. The Hague, 5 Oct 1961. 68 United Nations Treaty Series 143; Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 10).

Hague protection of adults convention. Hague convention on the international protection of adults. The Hague, 13 Jan 2000. In force 1 Jan 2009. Text on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.text&cid=71.

Hague recognition of divorces and legal separations convention. 1 Jun 1970. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 18).

Hague sale of goods convention. Convention on the law applicable to international sales of goods. The Hague, 15 Jun 1955. 510 United Nations Treaty Series 147; Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 3).

Hague securities convention. Convention on the law applicable to certain rights in respect of securities held with an intermediary. The Hague, 5 Jul 2006. Not in force. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 36).

Hague service convention. Convention on the service abroad of judicial and extra-judicial documents in civil or commercial matters. The Hague, 16 Nov 1965. 658 United Nations Treaty Series 163; 16 International legal materials 20 United States treaty series 1,339 (1977); Digest of commercial laws of the world. See also Practical handbook on the operation of the Hague Convention of 15 November 1965 on the Service abroad of judicial and extra-judicial documents…. Antwerp, M. Kluwer, 1983– (looseleaf). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 14).

Hague succession to the estates of deceased persons convention. Convention on the law applicable to succession to the estates of deceased persons. The Hague, 1 Aug 1989 (not in force). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 32).

Hague testamentary dispositions convention. Convention on the conflicts of laws relating to the form of testamentary dispositions. The Hague, 5 Oct 1961. 510 United Nations Treaty Series 175; Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 11).

Hague traffic accidents convention. Convention on the law applicable to traffic accidents, 4 May 1971. Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 19).

Hague trusts convention. Convention on the law applicable to trusts and on their recognition. The Hague, 1 Jul 1985. 23 International legal materials 1,389 (1984) (draft); Recueil des conventions de la Haye. Analysis in 25 International legal materials 593 (1986). Full text, ratifications and reservations on the Hague Conference website at http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing (once at this site, the user must scroll down to convention no. 30).

Hague union. Hague agreement concerning the international deposit of industrial designs. The Hague, 1925 (last revised, The Hague, 1960, and last amended 1979). Reprinted, including not-in-force texts, in Industrial property laws and treaties of the world, International treaties on intellectual property 2.ed., International regulation of trade in services, Design and utility models throughout the world and Design and copyright protection of products: world law and practice.

Hamburg carriage of goods by sea convention. United Nations convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea. Hamburg, 1978. In force 1 Nov 1992. International arbitration treaties.

Harmonization of commercial law in Africa. Treaty on harmonization of commercial law in Africa to unify or introduce uniform commercial laws in Member States of Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA). Port Louis, 17 Oct 1993. French text and English translation on the website of Jurist International at http://www.jurisint.org.

Harmonized commodity system convention. International convention on the harmonized commodity description and coding system. Brussels, 14 Jun 1983 and Protocol. Brussels, 24 Jun 1986. In force 1 Jan 1988.

Havana copyright convention. Convention of Buenos Aires on the protection of literary and artistic property, as revised…. La Havana, 18 Feb 1928. In force 16 Nov 1936. OASTS 334; Copyright laws and treaties of the world.

ICAO convention. See Chicago convention,± Montreal convention,± Rome convention± and the Warsaw convention.±

ICSID investment disputes convention. Convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states. Washington, 18 Mar 1965. 575 United Nations Treaty Series 159; 17 United States treaty series 1270; TIAS 6,090; 4 International legal materials 532; International arbitration treaties. ICSID rules, revised 26 Sep 1984: Rules of procedure for the institution of conciliation and arbitration proceedings (Institution rules); Rules of procedure for arbitration proceedings (Arbitration rules); Rules of procedure for conciliation proceedings (Conciliation rules); Rules governing the additional facility for the administration of proceedings (Additional facility rules) with schedules A, B, C and D.

Inter-American adoption convention. Inter-American convention on conflict of laws concerning the adoption of minors. La Paz, 24 May 1984. OASTS 62; 24 International legal materials 460. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American arbitration convention. Inter-American convention on international commercial arbitration. Panama, 30 Jan 1975. In force 16 Jun 1976. OASTS 42; 14 International legal materials 336; Inter-American system; Guide to international arbitration and arbitrators; International arbitration treaties. See also International handbook on commercial arbitration for rules of procedure, 1 Apr 1982, under the Inter-American convention (U.S. ratified, 15 Aug 1990). Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html. Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission. Rules of procedure of 1 Jul 1988. Reprinted in Corporate counsel’s guide and Arbitration rules issued by international institutions.

Inter-American author’s rights convention. Inter-American convention on the rights of the author in literary, scientific and artistic works. Washington, 22 Jun 1946. OASTS 19. Full text at http://www.ubertazzi.it/it/codice/doc68.pdf.

Inter-American bills of exchange convention. Inter-American convention on conflict of laws concerning bills of exchange, promissory notes and invoices. Panama, 30 Jan 1975. In force 16 Jan 1976. OASTS 40; 14 International legal materials 332; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American check convention. Inter-American convention on conflict of laws concerning checks. Panama, 30 Jan 1975. In force 16 Jan 1976. OASTS 41; 14 International legal materials 334; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American check convention (2nd). Inter-American convention on conflicts of laws concerning checks. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980 (for countries ratifying this second check convention, the first convention will no longer be in effect). OASTS 49; 18 International legal materials 1,220; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American companies convention. Inter-American convention on conflicts of laws concerning commercial companies. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 50; 18 International legal materials 1,222; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American corruption convention. Inter-American convention against corruption, Caracas, 29 Mar 1996. In force 6 Mar 1997. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American criminal judgments convention. Inter-American convention on serving criminal judgments abroad. Managua, Nicaragua, 9 Jun 1993. In force 4 Dec 1996. OASTS 76. English text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American disability discrimination convention. Inter-American convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities. Guatemala City, Guatemala, 7 Jun 1999. AG Resolution 1,608, 29th Session. In force 14 Sep 2001. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American domicile convention. Inter-American convention on domicile of natural persons in private international law. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 55; 18 International legal materials 1,234; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American evidence convention. Inter-American convention on the taking of evidence abroad. Panama, 30 Jan 1975 and additional protocol, 24 May 1984. In force 16 Jan 1976. OASTS 44; 14 International legal materials 328. Additional protocol to the 1975 Inter-American convention on the taking of evidence abroad. La Paz, 24 May 1984. OASTS 65; 24 International legal materials 472. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American forced disappearance convention. Inter-American convention on the forced disappearance of persons. Belem do Para, Brazil, 9 Jun 1994. In force 28 Mar 1996. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American general rules of private international law convention. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 10 Jul 1981. 1,457 United Nations Treaty Series 3; OASTS 54; 18 International legal materials 1,236. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American international commercial arbitration convention. Panama City, 30 Jan 1975. 1,438 United Nations Treaty Series 245; OASTS 42; 14 International legal materials 336. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American international contracts convention. Inter-American convention on the law applicable to international contracts. Mexico City, 17 Mar 1994. 33 International legal materials 732. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American international return of children convention. Montevideo, 15 Jul 1989. OASTS 70; 29 International legal materials 66. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American international traffic in minors convention. Inter-American convention on international traffic in minors. Mexico City, 18 Mar 1994. 33 International legal materials 721. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American judgments convention. Inter-American convention on extraterritorial validity of foreign judgments and arbitral awards. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 51; 18 International legal materials 1,224; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American juridical persons convention. Inter-American convention on personality and capacity of juridical persons in private international law. La Paz, 24 May 1984. OASTS 63; 24 International legal materials 465. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American jurisdiction convention. Inter-American convention on jurisdiction in the international sphere for the extraterritorial validity of foreign judgments. La Paz, 24 May 1984. OASTS 64; 24 International legal materials 468. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American letters rogatory convention. Inter-American convention on letters rogatory. Panama, 30 Jan 1975. In force 16 Jan 1976. OASTS 43; 14 International legal materials 339; Inter-American system. Additional protocol to the Inter-American convention on letters rogatory. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 56; 18 International legal materials 1,238. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American mutual assistance in criminal matters convention. Inter-American convention on mutual assistance in criminal matters. Nassau, The Bahamas, 23 May 1992. OASTS 75. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American powers of attorney convention. Inter-American convention on the legal regime of powers of attorney to be used abroad. Panama, 30 Jan 1975. In force 16 Jan 1976. OASTS 45; 14 International legal materials 325; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American preventive measures convention. Inter-American convention on execution on preventive measures. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 52; 18 International legal materials 1,227; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American private international law convention. Inter-American convention on general rules of private international law. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 10 Jun 1981. OASTS 54; 18 International legal materials 1,236; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American proof of law convention. Inter-American convention on proof and information on foreign law. Montevideo, 8 May 1979. In force 14 Jun 1980. OASTS 53; 18 International legal materials 1,231; Inter-American system. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American terrorism convention. Inter-American convention against terrorism. Bridgetown, 3 Jun 2002. In force 10 Jul 2003. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

Inter-American torture convention. Inter-American convention to prevent and punish torture. Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 9 Dec 1985. In force 28 Feb 1987. Full text on the OAS website at http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties.html.

International Chamber of Commerce. International Court of Arbitration. Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce, adopted Shanghai, 8 Apr 1997. In force 1 Jan 1998. Digest of commercial laws of the world. The ICC’s reconfigured website provides current consolidated texts of all the rules listed below (in 15 different languages) at http://www.iccarbitration.org. Reprinted in 22 Yearbook: commercial arbitration 345 (1997) and Arbitration rules issued by international institutions. Detailed analysis and annotated version in Practitioner’s handbook on international arbitration.¤ Note: These new 1998 rules will apply to all arbitration commenced on or after 1 Jan 1998, unless the parties agree that the ICC rules in effect on the date of the arbitration agreement (i.e., the 1998 rules) shall apply. The Rules of conciliation and arbitration of 1 Jan 1988 and the Rules of International Centre for expertise of 1 Jan 1993 reprinted in Corporate counsel’s guide; the Rules of Arbitration of 1988 of reprinted in Guide to international arbitration and arbitrators. Rules for documentary credit dispute: DOCDEX rules. In force 1 Oct 1997. Reprinted in 8 International Court of Arbitration bulletin no. 2 (1997).

International convention for the suppression of terrorist bombings. New York, 15 Dec 1997. Opened for signature 12 Jan 1998 (not yet in force).

International Criminal Court (Rome statute). Rome statute on the International Criminal Court of 17 Jul 1998. In force 1 Jul 2002. U.N. Doc. A/Conf 183/9 (1998). Text, status, reservations and related documents on the Court’s website at http://untreaty.un.org/cod/icc/index.html.

International (Paris) industrial property convention. See under WIPO.

International plant protection convention. International convention for the protection of new varieties of plants. Geneva, 2 Dec 1961. Revised 1971, 1978 and 19 Mar 1991. Texts at http://upov.int/en/publications/conventions/1991/content.htm. Reprinted in International treaties on intellectual property. 2.ed.

International wills convention. Convention providing a uniform law on the form of an international will. Washington, D.C., 26 Oct 1973. Reprinted in 12 International legal materials 1,302.

Kimberley process certification scheme for rough diamonds. Also known as the Interlaken declaration. Interlaken, 5 Nov 2001. Texts at http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/. This is to restrict sale of “conflict diamonds” for Member or States meeting minimum requirements of the certification scheme (at http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/ click on Structure and then Participants). Note: This scheme only regulates international trade in rough diamonds and not colored gemstones.

Konvention mellan Danmark. Konvention mellan Danmark, Finland, Island, Norge och Sverige angående indrivning au underhållsbidrag. Oslo, 23 Mar 1982. Amended 25 Feb 2000. Full text in Swedish, etc., (not English) at http://www.norden.org/. This deals with maintenance, or recovery of such funds, introduces sections on taking evidence abroad and aspects of civil procedure that supersedes, for these Nordic countries, the strictures called for by the Hague evidence convention,± Hague civil procedure convention± and Hague maintenance obligations convention.±

Kyoto protocol. See United Nations climate change convention.

Liner conferences code of conduct. United Nations convention on a code of conduct for liner conferences. Geneva, 6 Apr 1974 (Final act and annexes U.N. doc. TD/CODE/Rev 1). 13 International legal materials 910 (1974).

Locarno union. Locarno agreement establishing an international classification for industrial designs. Locarno, 8 Oct 1968. Reprinted in Industrial property laws and treaties, International treaties on intellectual property 2.ed, International regulation of trade in services, Design and utility models throughout the world and Design and copyright protection of products: world law and practice.

Lomé convention. Lomé convention (Third). Final act of the ACP/EEC convention. Lomé, Togo, 8 Dec 1984 (expired 28 Feb 1990). 24 International legal materials 571 (1985). Lomé convention (Fourth). Final act of the ACP/EEC convention. Lomé, Togo, 15 Dec 1989. Reprinted in 29 International legal materials 783 (1990) and Encyclopedia of European Union law part IV. Note: Lomé convention IV expired on 29 Feb 2000 along with three protocols: on bananas, rum and beef/veal (the sugar protocol is of indefinite duration). Continuation of the Lomé preferences for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries is no longer assured beyond 2000 as different perceptions of development support gain ground in international fora. Green paper on relations between the European Union and the ACP countries on the even 21st century. Luxembourg, 1997. As negotiations on Lomé V continue, a post-Lomé situation has developed. This can be expected to impact the commodity mechanisms and policies that have long protected economies of these developing countries.

Lugano jurisdiction and judgments convention. See under Brussels convention (Parts I and II).

Madrid agreement on false or deceptive indications. See under WIPO.

Madrid union. Madrid agreement concerning the international registration of marks. Madrid, 14 Apr 1891, last revised Stockholm, 14 Jul 1967 and amended 2 Oct 1979 and Regulations, adopted 22 Apr 1988. Manual of industrial property conventions, Industrial property laws and treaties of the world, International treaties on intellectual property 2.ed. and International regulation of trade in services. See also Guide to the international registration of marks. Jan 1989 edition. Revised to 1 Apr 1994. Geneva, WIPO, 1989.

Matrimonial judgments convention. Convention on the jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters. Brussels, 28 May 1998 in Official journal 1998 C221/2.

Mediterranean Sea agreements. Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution. Barcelona, 16 Feb 1976. 15 International legal materials 287 (1976) and Protocol. Athens, 17 May 1980. 19 International legal materials 869 (1980).

Mekong River Basin agreement. Agreement on the cooperation for the sustainable development of the Mekong River Basin. Chiang Rai, Thailand, 5 Apr 1995. 34 International legal materials 864 (1995).

Mercosur treaty (Treaty of Asunción). Treaty constituting a Common Market among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Asunción, Paraguay, 26 Mar 1991. English translation in 30 International legal materials 1,044 (1991). Amended by the Protocol of Ouro Preto (Brazil), 17 Dec 1994 (institutional and procedural framework for Mercosur). English translation in 34 International legal materials 1,244 (1995). Spanish text reprinted in 6 Inter-American legal materials no. 3/4 (1995). Protocol of Brasilia, 17 Dec 1991 (dispute settlement within Mercosur). Protocol of Olivos, Argentina, 18 Feb 2002 (detailed procedures and structures for settlement within Mercosur). Replaces the Protocol of Brasilia and its regulation, Common Market Council decision 17 of 1998 except in regard to proceedings initiated under the Protocol of Brasilia. Protocol of Olivos regulated by Decision 37 of 2003 and its Annex, Montevideo, 15 Dec 2003. Protocol de Ushuaia, Argentina, 24 Jul 1998 (expanding membership and commencing negotiations with Chile and Bolivia) (also known as the Democratic compromise). A growing number of agreements within Mercosur, invariably styled “Protocol,” but often issued as “Presidential declarations” or Decisions after the semi-annual meetings of the Mercosur Council have become part of the Mercosur legal system. A chronological selection of the more important agreements or decisions supplementing the primary treaties listed below. Some, but not all, can be found in full Spanish text on the official Mercosur website at http://www.mercosur.org.uy.

Decision 5 of 1992/Protocol de las Leñas, 27 Jun 1992 (cooperation and judicial assistance in civil, commercial, labor and administrative matters). Decision 11 of 1993/Protocol of Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, 17 Jan 1994 (promotion and reciprocal protection of investments). Decision 1 of 1994/Protocol of Buenos Aires, 5 Aug 1994 (international jurisdiction in contractual matters). Decision 4 of 1994/Protocol of Buenos Aires, 5 Aug 1994 (integration of educational matters and recognition of degrees, etc.). Decision 11 of 1994/Protocol of Buenos Aires, 5 Aug 1994 (promotion and reciprocal protection of investments originating in non-Member States of Mercosur). Decision 25 of 1994/Protocol of Ouro Preto, 17 Dec 1994 (customs code of Mercosur). Decision 27 of 1994/Protocol of Ouro Preto, 17 Dec 1994 (precautionary measures in legal proceedings). Decision 8 of 1995/Protocol of Asunción, 5 Aug 1995 (harmonization of norms on intellectual property in Mercosur regarding trademarks, significations of origin, etc.). Decision 2 of 1996 (extended to Bolivia and Chile by Decision 12 of 2001)/Protocol of San Luis, Argentina, 25 Jun 1996 (mutual legal assistance in criminal matters). Decision 10 of 1996/Protocol of Santa Maria en Fortaleza, 17 Dec 1996 (international jurisdiction in matters of consumer protection). Decision 11 of 1996/Protocol of Santa Maria en Fortaleza, 17 Dec 1996 (cultural integration in Mercosur). Decision 18 of 1996/Protocol of Santa Maria en Fortaleza, 17 Dec 1996 and Decision 2 of 1997/Annex, Asunción, 19 Jun 1997 (defense of competition in Mercosur). Decision 16 of 1998, Protocol of Rio de Janeiro, 10 Dec 1998 (harmonization of norms regarding industrial designs).

Mexico City copyright convention. Convention on literary and artistic copyright. Mexico City, 27 Jan 1902. In force 1 Jul 1908. Copyright laws and treaties of the world.

MIGA convention. Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. Seoul, 11 Oct 1985. 24 International legal materials 1,598 (1985). In force 12 Apr 1988. (MIGA operational regulations of 22 Jun 1988 appear in International legal materials 1,227 (1988).) See also MIGA operational regulations. 27 International legal materials 1,227 (1988) and MIGA standard contract of guarantee and general conditions of guarantee for equity investments. 25 Jan 1989. 28 International legal materials 1,233 (1989).

Montevideo private international law treaty, 1889. [Four separate treaties on private international law: procedural, penal, commercial (including industrial and intellectual property) and civil] Montevideo, 11 Jan–12 Feb 1889 (Congreso Sudamericano de Derecho Internacional Privado). 18 Martens Nouveau recueil (2.ser.) 414 (Spanish text only); World patent law and practice (for English text of industrial property section); Copyright laws and treaties of the world (for English text of copyright section).

Montevideo private international law treaty, 1940. [Four separate treaties on private international law: procedural, penal, commercial (including industrial and intellectual property) and civil, revising and replacing the 1889 treaty] Montevideo, 19 Mar 1940 (Secunda Congreso Sudamericano de Derecho Internacional Privado). 37 AJIL supplement 37, page 16; 8 International legislation 513.

Montreal convention. Convention for the unification of certain rules for international carriage by air. Montreal, 10–28 May 1999. Reprinted in 24 Air and space law 142 (1999) and 1999 Aviation quarterly 118. This convention, signed by 52 states at Montreal, is designed to replace the 1929 Warsaw convention. The Montreal convention came into force on 28 Jun 2004 with the ratification by the French Republic. It creates a two-tiered regime for death or injury to passengers (unlimited) and destruction or loss of baggage (higher than Warsaw). The 1999 convention is a consolidation, incorporating the text of the Warsaw convention of 1929 as amended by the Hague protocol of 1995, the Guadalajara convention of 1961 (“Supplementary to the Warsaw convention”), the Guatemala City protocol and the Montreal protocols 1–4, and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) intercarrier agreements of 1995–1996. The Montreal convention came into force on 28 Jun 2004 with the ratification by the French Republic. It Montreal convention replaces the Warsaw convention (whether or not the ratificant states denounce the Warsaw convention); however, if a state has ratified the Warsaw convention, but not the Montreal convention, then the Warsaw convention remains in force for that state. The Warsaw convention was ratified by 151 parties and entered into force 13 Feb 1933. A separate protocol modifying the Warsaw convention was signed at The Hague 28 Sep 1955 and has been ratified by 136 parties and entered into force 1 Aug 1963. This has also been absorbed by the Montreal convention.

New York convention. New York convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards [United Nations]. New York, 10 Jun 1958. In force 4 Oct 1966. 330 United Nations Treaty Series 38; International arbitration treaties; Digest of commercial laws of the world. Detailed analysis and annotated version in Practitioner’s handbook on international arbitration.¤

Nice union. Agreement of Nice for the international classification of goods and services and for the purposes of the registration of marks. Nice, 15 Jun 1957. Last revised Geneva, 13 May 1977. Digest of commercial laws of the world; Trademarks throughout the world; Industrial property laws and treaties of the world, International treaties on intellectual property 2.ed. and International regulation of trade in services.

Nordic agreement on unemployment benefits. Mariehamn, 12 Nov 1985 (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden). United Nations treaty series 25,646.